Automation
Measurand: irradiance as a PLC signal (4–20 mA, Ethernet, digital)
UV process integration embeds radiation sources and measurement into automated production so that the dose becomes a monitored process variable. The article describes the path from sensor signal to process release.
Robotics
Measurand: dose as a path integral, irradiance versus distance and angle
UV robotics guides radiation sources or measurement with a robot – as a flange tool, as payload or by handling the part. The article shows how the dose emerges as an integral along a path with varying distance.